See proef on Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "meesterproef"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "proefdraaien"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "proefkonijn"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "proefnummer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "proefondervindelijk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "proefrit"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "proefschrift"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "proefwerk"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "vuurproef"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dcr",
"2": "proev"
},
"expansion": "Negerhollands: proev",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Negerhollands: proev"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pap",
"2": "pruf",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Papiamentu: pruf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Papiamentu: pruf"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰuH-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "proeve"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch proeve",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "fro",
"3": "prueve"
},
"expansion": "Old French prueve",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "proeven",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "deverbal from proeven",
"name": "deverbal"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch proeve, prueve, from Old French prueve. Equivalent to a deverbal from proeven.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "proeven",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "proefje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "-ven",
"3": "+"
},
"expansion": "proef f (plural proeven, diminutive proefje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "proberen"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "proeven"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"test, exam"
],
"id": "en-proef-nl-noun-rVm1qFxA",
"links": [
[
"test",
"test"
],
[
"exam",
"exam"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "test"
},
{
"word": "toets"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "37 63",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch deverbals",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Although normally the buses are operated by diesel motor, there is a temporary variant made with hydrogen fuel cells for a 2-year test of how such a bus carries through in the field.",
"text": "Hoewel de bussen normaal gesproken worden aangedreven met een dieselmotor, is er een tijdelijke variant met brandstofcellen op waterstof gemaakt voor een proef van 2 jaar hoe een dergelijke bus voldoet in het veld.⁽ᵂᴾ⁾"
}
],
"glosses": [
"trial, experiment"
],
"id": "en-proef-nl-noun-0rHr~DTm",
"links": [
[
"trial",
"trial"
],
[
"experiment",
"experiment"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "experiment"
},
{
"word": "test"
},
{
"word": "proefneming"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pruf/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-proef.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f1/Nl-proef.ogg/Nl-proef.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/Nl-proef.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uf"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"nl:proef"
],
"word": "proef"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "proef",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 6 43 43 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 45 45 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 3 46 46 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "proeven"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of proeven:",
"first-person singular present indicative"
],
"id": "en-proef-nl-verb-tHEO8Wro",
"links": [
[
"proeven",
"proeven#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 6 43 43 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 45 45 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 3 46 46 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "proeven"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of proeven:",
"second-person singular present indicative"
],
"id": "en-proef-nl-verb-mP4Bfko5",
"links": [
[
"proeven",
"proeven#Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of proeven:",
"(in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in case of inversion"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "proeven"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of proeven:",
"imperative"
],
"id": "en-proef-nl-verb-NQ5seI5v",
"links": [
[
"proeven",
"proeven#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pruf/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-proef.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f1/Nl-proef.ogg/Nl-proef.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/Nl-proef.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uf"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"nl:proef"
],
"word": "proef"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch deverbals",
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch feminine nouns",
"Dutch lemmas",
"Dutch non-lemma forms",
"Dutch nouns",
"Dutch nouns with plural in -en",
"Dutch terms derived from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch terms derived from Old French",
"Dutch terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Dutch terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰuH-",
"Dutch terms inherited from Middle Dutch",
"Dutch verb forms",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/uf",
"Rhymes:Dutch/uf/1 syllable"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "meesterproef"
},
{
"word": "proefdraaien"
},
{
"word": "proefkonijn"
},
{
"word": "proefnummer"
},
{
"word": "proefondervindelijk"
},
{
"word": "proefrit"
},
{
"word": "proefschrift"
},
{
"word": "proefwerk"
},
{
"word": "vuurproef"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dcr",
"2": "proev"
},
"expansion": "Negerhollands: proev",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Negerhollands: proev"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pap",
"2": "pruf",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Papiamentu: pruf",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Papiamentu: pruf"
}
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰuH-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "dum",
"3": "proeve"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch proeve",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "fro",
"3": "prueve"
},
"expansion": "Old French prueve",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "proeven",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "deverbal from proeven",
"name": "deverbal"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Dutch proeve, prueve, from Old French prueve. Equivalent to a deverbal from proeven.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "proeven",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "proefje",
"tags": [
"diminutive",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "-ven",
"3": "+"
},
"expansion": "proef f (plural proeven, diminutive proefje n)",
"name": "nl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "proberen"
},
{
"word": "proeven"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"test, exam"
],
"links": [
[
"test",
"test"
],
[
"exam",
"exam"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "test"
},
{
"word": "toets"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"english": "Although normally the buses are operated by diesel motor, there is a temporary variant made with hydrogen fuel cells for a 2-year test of how such a bus carries through in the field.",
"text": "Hoewel de bussen normaal gesproken worden aangedreven met een dieselmotor, is er een tijdelijke variant met brandstofcellen op waterstof gemaakt voor een proef van 2 jaar hoe een dergelijke bus voldoet in het veld.⁽ᵂᴾ⁾"
}
],
"glosses": [
"trial, experiment"
],
"links": [
[
"trial",
"trial"
],
[
"experiment",
"experiment"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "experiment"
},
{
"word": "test"
},
{
"word": "proefneming"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pruf/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-proef.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f1/Nl-proef.ogg/Nl-proef.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/Nl-proef.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uf"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"nl:proef"
],
"word": "proef"
}
{
"categories": [
"Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Dutch non-lemma forms",
"Dutch verb forms",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Dutch/uf",
"Rhymes:Dutch/uf/1 syllable"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "nonlemma"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "proef",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "proeven"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of proeven:",
"first-person singular present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"proeven",
"proeven#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"first-person",
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "proeven"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of proeven:",
"second-person singular present indicative"
],
"links": [
[
"proeven",
"proeven#Dutch"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"inflection of proeven:",
"(in case of inversion) second-person singular present indicative"
],
"raw_tags": [
"in case of inversion"
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "proeven"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of proeven:",
"imperative"
],
"links": [
[
"proeven",
"proeven#Dutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"imperative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pruf/"
},
{
"audio": "Nl-proef.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f1/Nl-proef.ogg/Nl-proef.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/Nl-proef.ogg"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uf"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"nl:proef"
],
"word": "proef"
}
Download raw JSONL data for proef meaning in All languages combined (4.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.